Word: homelands
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...efforts by Syrian President Hafez Assad to block the session. Though Assad failed, he ordered several Syrian-based factions of the P.L.O. to boycott the proceedings. The meeting thus deepened divisions within the troubled organization, with both pro-Arafat and anti-Arafat sides claiming the cause of a Palestinian homeland as their own. Whether or not the rift hardens into a permanent split, the internecine conflict promises to weaken further the organization that has come to represent the hopes of 4 million Palestinians...
...opening address, King Hussein stressed peace and negotiations, not terrorism. He urged the P.L.O. to seize what he called "a last chance" by joining Jordan in an international peace conference under United Nations auspices that would work toward establishing a Palestinian homeland. The plan, first proposed by Moscow, calls for both the U.S. and the Soviet Union to participate, along with Israel and Arab countries. The Jordanian monarch, who broke off talks with Arafat in April 1983, took a polite dig at Arafat's legendary indecisiveness. "The justification of the existence of a leader rests on his fulfillment...
...unity his paramount concern. The result, more often than not, has been paralysis. While hard-liners grew angry with Arafat's reluctance to embrace only violence, moderates became frustrated by their leader's failure to pursue diplomatic initiatives that might lead to the creation of a Palestinian homeland. When a group of Arafat's followers broke away in May 1983, it became clear that the dispute was no longer just about policies; it was also about Arafat. The rebels were led by Abu Mousa, a former commander in the Bekaa Valley, who was upset over the promotion...
...Indira Gandhi ordered) on the Golden Temple, the Sikhs' holiest shrine, and now rumors abound that this catalyzed a high-level conspiracy in the army to assassinate Gandhi with the help of two of her Sikh bodyguards. Finally, the bulk of the unrest has occurred in Punjab, the Sikh homeland...
...Sikhs by their absence. Largely gone from the streets were the familiar bearded, turbaned men who have traditionally driven cabs and manned stores all around the capital. Half their cabs had been burned; perhaps 70% of their shops had been devastated. Some of the Sikhs fled to their homeland of Punjab; some still cowered inside the houses of Hindu neighbors. Others, whose homes were destroyed or had to be abandoned, huddled together within makeshift refugee camps...