Word: horned
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Peptic Ulcers. Smokers' death rate was 116% higher for duodenal ulcers. When they got to the comparison for stomach-ulcer deaths, Hammond and Horn's graph bar ran off the chart; there was not a single such death among the nonsmokers, but there were 46 among cigarette smokers (five among other smokers...
Accidents & Suicide. Smokers' death rate lower than nonsmokers' by 6%-which, Researchers Hammond and Horn say, is too small to be significant...
Quit Smoking? Even after a man has been a heavy cigarette smoker for many years, he can still reduce his risk of premature death by kicking the habit, declared Hammond and Horn. After a man had been off the weed for a year or more, his prospects improved; among men who had quit light smoking (less than a pack a day) ten or more years previously, the death rate from most causes was scarcely greater than among lifetime nonsmokers; ten years after heavier smoking, it was 50% greater-and markedly higher from lung cancer...
City v. Country. Cigarette smoking increases with a movement from rural areas to bigger towns and large cities; so does the incidence of lung cancer. When Hammond and Horn adjusted their figures to allow for the smoking difference (50% of rural men smoke cigarettes, 62½% of big-city men), they found that the lung-cancer death rate was still one-third higher in the cities. This might be a reflection of better diagnosis in major medical centers, or a result of big-city air pollution...
Researchers Hammond and Horn are not physicians, but practitioners of biometrics-the study of disease by analyzing the medical who, what, when and how-many of people in health and illness. Baltimore-born Hammond, 45, has an Sc.D. in biology; Horn, 41, native of Rochester, N.Y., has a Ph.D. in psychology. Both were heavy cigarette smokers when their first findings came in four years ago; now they smoke pipes...