Word: horned
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...says Mohammed Abu Baker, 21, a partisan in a bitter civil war that rages today on the politically volatile Horn of Africa. On one side is the army of Ethiopia's despotic military rulers, who are struggling to hold together the empire of the late Haile Selassie, whom they deposed in 1974. On the other are the 4 million people of Eritrea, Ethiopia's northern province. But also involved in the drama are the Soviet Union, Cuba, most of the Arab states, and the U.S.-and at stake is who will eventually control the strategic oil routes...
...Asmara, the city that Benito Mussolini called "the gem of the Horn of Africa," the Ethiopian army is increasingly nervous. The vital 56-mile highway to the port of Massawa, as well as all other roads, is frequently cut, if not actually controlled, by Eritrean forces. The railroad from the port of Assab carries no traffic; its bridges have been destroyed by guerrillas. Ethiopian army units dare not travel unescorted more than a few miles outside the capital. When they do go farther, they move by convoy with tank protection and air cover. Their supplies arrive only...
...Egypt, Iraq and Kuwait. The Arabs have always tended to favor the Eritreans over the Ethiopians because they wanted the region to be Arab-oriented. Today the Arab states support Eritrea for an additional reason: the Soviets support Eritrea's enemy, Ethiopia. The Arabs are anxious that the Horn of Africa should not become a Russian zone of influence...
Ancient Enemies. The Soviet position on the Horn is highly vulnerable. Moscow has previously paid a heavy price-in military and other aid-for the friendship of Somalia. But the Somalis and the Ethiopians are ancient enemies, and the Soviet backing of Ethiopia is sharply watched in Mogadishu, Somalia's capital. When Cuban Premier Fidel Castro visited Mogadishu two months ago, he proposed that Somalia join Ethiopia and Southern Yemen in a federated state-an alliance that would have vastly strengthened Moscow's influence. Somali President Mohammed Siad Barre said no thanks, and complained bitterly about the Soviet...
...Russians face a delicate diplomatic problem in trying to gain a new client on the Horn of Africa. Too many gestures of friendship to Mengistu are bound to alienate Somalia, which Russia also supplies and which is being wooed out of the Russian orbit by promises of economic aid from Saudi Arabia. Apparently unbothered by such strategic complications, Mengistu is planning an all-out assault on Eritrea, led by a people's militia of 200,000 peasants equipped with cast-off American arms and trained-if that is the word -by a small cadre of Cuban advisers. They hope...