Word: hua
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Eastern Europe. Andropov expressed no particular warmth toward General Wojciech Jaruzelski, Poland's military ruler. Next came such allies as Cuban Party Chief Fidel Castro and Afghan President Babrak Karmal. They passed by briskly, exchanging only a few phrases with Andropov. But when Chinese Foreign Minister Huang Hua extended his hand toward Andropov's, the slow-moving queue of dignitaries came to a halt for three minutes while the two men talked volubly through an interpreter. The tall, stooped Soviet leader looked more than ever like a Russian zhuravl, or crane, as he bent forward to speak...
...changes had been rumored for months, but the timing came as a surprise. In a high-level shakeup, the Chinese government announced last week that Foreign Minister Huang Hua and Defense Minister Geng Biao had been replaced. Huang's fall seemed especially abrupt. He had just returned from the Soviet Union, where he had headed the Chinese delegation to Leonid Brezhnev's funeral. He had also held talks in Moscow with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, and delivered a warm expression of support for an improvement in relations between Peking and Moscow...
Defense Minister Geng Biao's ouster, by contrast, was considered to be politically motivated. After Mao Tse-tung's death in late 1976, Geng, 73, supported then Party Chairman Hua Guofeng, who was later purged, in arresting the so-called Gang of Four. His appointment as Defense Minister early last year was seen at the time as a compromise choice between the Maoist generals and Deng's supporters in the military. The new Defense Minister is Zhang Aiping, 72, a general who has headed the Scientific and Technological Commission for National Defense. One of Deng...
...unhealthy tendencies," most notably in literature and art. The press has referred darkly to the emergence of an artistic "counterculture" and complained of stories and plays that "propagate pessimism, nihilism and ultraindividualism," meaning in Deng's words, "opposition to the leadership of the party." In the spring, Bai Hua, a well-known writer, was viciously attacked by the Liberation Army Daily for a screenplay called Bitter Love that, the paper charged, showed "hatred for our party and our socialist motherland." More ominously, say Chinese sources, Deng has named at least ten writers who will be singled...
Having defeated Hua, Deng took on Mao. The Central Committee's 27,000-word resolution, the product of a year of internecine argument and six complete rewrites, was a devastating critique of Mao's leadership and policies during nearly all of his 39-year reign. Though the resolution credited Mao for performing "indelible meritorious service in founding and building up our party," he was accused of committing "theoretical and practical mistakes concerning class struggle in a socialist society." Mao's worst errors, which caused China "the most severe setbacks and heaviest losses," came during the Cultural Revolution...