Word: huks
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Huks nearly tipped over the Manila government before they were decimated and pushed back into the hinterlands by Ramon Magsaysay. Now, capitalizing on the erosion of law and order that has spread across the country despite Marcos' reforming policies, the Huks are once more stepping up their activity in their old stomping grounds in central Luzon-particularly in four provinces. Says Senator Manuel P. Manahan, chairman of the Philippine Senate's National Defense and Security Committee: "The Huks have established an in visible government in Pampanga [north of Manila], in western sections of Bula...
Instant Reprisals. Not to mention Huk terrorism, which is the tie that binds together all the other Huk influences. The Huk organization is small, dedicated and tightly disciplined. Led by Faustino Delmundo, alias Commander Sumulong, it has purposely kept down its size so as not to attract the main force attention of the Philippine military. The terrorist arm of the movement comprises no more than 160 killers (supported by another 150 local armed guerrillas), who roam the central Luzon countryside in bands of three or four, meting out instant reprisals to anyone who dares defy Huk orders. In the past...
...Huks have set up their own courts, which are the law of the land in broad stretches of central Luzon. Huk justice is swift and decisive: cattle thieves and rapists, for example, are often executed on the spot. Huk agents exact tribute and taxes from thousands of Filipinos. The biggest collection center is Angeles City near the U.S. Air Force's Clark Field. Maids for American families must pay five pesos ($1.25) monthly to the Huks; Huk treasurers take a big rake-off from the gambling parlors and bars frequented by U.S. troops...
Influence & Power. The Huk aim is simple: to eradicate U.S. influence in the islands and set up a Communist-style "people's democracy." Remembering their earlier mistakes, the Huks no longer call for instant revolution but aim instead at a gradual subversion of the country's political system. That work is carried on by an estimated 1,500 so-called "legal cadres," members who carefully skirt the law forbidding Communism in the Philippines. Many of them openly strive to win positions of power. According to Filipino intelligence estimates, at least 176 barrio captains, dozens of mayors, a handful...
When Ileto took over, no fugitive on the wanted list was considered more dangerous than "Commander Oscar," the pseudonym for Ricardo Ignacio, a shadowy gunman who was Huk chief tain in six towns in Pampanga and Tarlac provinces and also one of the Huks' most feared "enforcers." The government credited Oscar with at least 25 assassinations and abductions in recent months; Oscar himself openly bragged that he had led the ambush that killed the Huk-fighting mayor of Candaba last July...