Word: human
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...another English scientist, Dr. Douglas Bevis, casually dropped an even bigger bombshell. Not only had human eggs been fertilized in the test tube, said Bevis, but they had been successfully implanted in three women who subsequently gave birth. It was widely suspected that he was talking about his own work. When he proved unwilling or unable to document his claims, Bevis was so roundly denounced that he soon vowed to give up all such research. To this day, no one really knows whether Bevis was making phony claims or was a victim of the furious scientific competition between rival fertility...
...clamor had its effect. Researchers like 'Steptoe and Edwards made fewer and fewer 'public reports on their work. In the U.S., almost all research with human eggs came to an abrupt halt; under a 1975 federal order, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare was barred from funding any invitro fertilization experiments unless they were first approved by a national ethics advisory board appointed by the HEW Secretary. Perhaps because it involved such a touchy subject, the panel was not formed until January of this year. One of its first orders of business: to weigh the long-pending application from...
Those qualities are surely as essential in this difficult field as are flasks, hormones and microscopes. Though man has wondered about human reproduction since the dawn of history, it remains, in many respects, as mysterious?some would even say as mystical?as ever. At birth, the infant human female is endowed with as many as a million egg cells, many more than she will ever need during her 30 or so child-bearing years. Starting at puberty, eggs are released, usually one at a time, about midway in the menstrual cycle. The process is intricate and marvelous. Stimulated by hormones...
...fertilization had been performed by two respected scientists whose accomplishments and progress had been described in many published papers. But Image did not identify the clone or the cloner, and offered no evidence that the state of the art had advanced to the point at which mice, let alone human beings, could be cloned. While many of the technical problems involved in the test-tube conception of a human are being resolved, the cloning of Homo sapiens is still far beyond the current capability of medical science...
Cloning is based on a remarkable fact. Virtually every cell in an organism -be the life form a human being, a maple tree or a bacterium-carries all the genetic information needed to create the whole organism. The reason that a liver cell is different from, say, a skin cell is that different genes in each cell seem to be "turned on." In the language of biologists, the cells are differentiated. U.S. Biologists Robert W. Briggs and Thomas J. King confirmed this principle and pioneered the basic technique of animal cloning in the early 1950s. They removed the nuclei...