Word: humanation
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...rabbits. She took skin from embryos in the first third of gestation, found that it made a permanent graft on 45% of unrelated adults, grew a good crop of hair. Memorial Hospital's Plastic Surgeon Reuven K. Snyderman applied the technique to cancer patients and burn victims. From human embryos lost (from spontaneous or therapeutic abortion) during the first 4½ months of pregnancy he took skin grafts for eight patients. Four failed to take, probably because of infection, Dr. Snyderman suggested. The other four took. Most remarkable was the fact that a postage-stamp-size piece of fetal...
Skin grafts or organs transplanted from one human being to another will not "take" permanently unless donor and recipient are identical twins. Reason: any healthy mammal sets up antibody defenses against "foreign" protein. For treating burns and in plastic and reconstructive work, surgeons would be able to do much more for patients if they could break down this automatic defense system. Last week, from a Manhattan conference sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences, came word of the most promising breakthrough yet on the antibody front...
Other diseases may have taken a greater toll of human life, but none has spread more terror than the Black Death. In the 14th century, plague reached from Asia through Asia Minor to Europe, where it killed 25 million people (one in four by conservative estimate, perhaps one in three). Three centuries later the rat-borne scourge devastated London, killing 70,000 -one-sixth of the population. Then it lay relatively dormant, taking a regular annual toll in parts of Asia where it was endemic. In 1896 it burst out of South China, through the port of Hong Kong. From...
Computing machines have grown so efficient that the worst drag on their performance is the fallible human brain. Last week Engineering Consultant Stuart Luman Seaton told a Manhattan convention of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers that computing machines probably make less than one mistake in transferring 10²° (100 billion billion) digits. Humans make one mistake in transferring only 200 digits. So the machine's accurate figuring often goes for nothing because it must depend for care and feeding on error-prone humans...
...more efficiency out of human custodians, says Seaton, is by "tricks and dodges" such as printing numbers large and small, or in varied colors and type sizes. Another would be to spot and correct "psychic blindness" (habits and prejudices) in humans who feed information to computing machines...