Word: hybridization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Georges Köhler in Britain. By injecting foreign substances into the animals, they stimulated the production of antibodies against the invaders. Then they removed the animals' spleens, a major site for antibody production, and mixed the organ's antibody-producing cells with cancer cells. The result: hybrid cells, dubbed hybridomas, that inherited from the spleen the ability to produce antibodies and from the malignant cells the ability to replicate themselves indefinitely. These hybridomas produce identical copies of themselves-clones -and thus serve as minifactories for the manufacture of what researchers call monoclonal antibodies...
...They took spleen cells from victims of Hodgkin's disease, a form of cancer in which the spleen is usually removed during treatment. The cells had already been exposed to the chemical dinitrochlorobenzene and were making antibodies. These cells were then fused with cancerous bone-marrow cells, yielding hybrid cells that could churn out the antibody...
...University of Wisconsin in Madison, scientists have resorted to cloning, hybridization and other techniques to develop many kinds of disease-resistant elm. But none look like Ulmus americana, and all proved unpopular. Says Plant Pathologist Eugene Smalley: "The resistance thing is the easy part. Getting a tree that nurseries will use, that's tough." Smalley's best hope: a rare hybrid called the Sapporo Autumn Gold elm, a cross of Japanese and Siberian elms. It resists the disease and, at least in its youth, resembles the American...
...could have passed for the Clash. Of the seven government-run radio stations in Moscow, two play rock from abroad; the music gets no more raucous than that of the Eagles. The stations also boost home-grown talent. To a Westerner, Soviet rock sounds like a not entirely successful hybrid of imported kitsch, slicked-up folk melodies and a touch of Russian soul. "Soviet pop music has absorbed contemporary rhythms, but it has remained something individual in its musical phrasing," insists Lev Leshchenko, whose baritone soared above massed strings and a choir on one of the country's biggest...
...Saudis had reason to feel wronged. Like so-called faction literature, the TV hybrid known as documentary drama typically consists of real-life events embedded in a marzipan of speculation and romance. In Princess, co-produced by Britain's independent Association Television network and WGBH, the PBS station in Boston, the marzipan is the message. South African-born Director Antony Thomas set out to film a straight drama on the life and death of Princess Mashall, a lively young grandniece of Saudi Arabia's King Khalid. Mashall, whose arranged marriage soured, supposedly went to study at a Beirut...