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...fact that the human brain contains an estimated 10 billion nerve cells called neurons, and another 100 billion of a second type called glial cells. The fluid bath in which they are suspended is an important element in their electrochemical interactions. Moreover, said Sweden's Dr. Holger Hydén, one big neuron may have on its surface as many as 10,000 points of contact (synaptic knobs) with other neurons (see chart). But by means of exquisitely delicate instrumentation and an electron microscope, Dr. Hydén has discovered that when human neurons are stimulated, some...
Pecking Order. The reaction is more readily observable in animals, Hydén reported. When a normally lefthanded rat was forced to learn to use his right paw to get food out of a tube, cells in the most highly developed part of the brain (the cortex) produced a special kind of RNA as well as proteins. A similar thing happened in goldfish that were forced to learn a new kind of swimming by having buoyant plastic foam stuck under their chins by Dr. Victor Shashoua of M.I.T. Fish that Dr. Shashoua made work just as hard swimming against...
...between long-and short-term memory-in other words, the difference between a man's ability to remember a poem learned in grammar school and his inability, for the life of him, to remember the name of the fellow he met at lunch yesterday. Sweden's Dr. Hydén felt that the creation of protein (as in pigeons, rats and goldfish) is essential to man's formation of long-term memories. Human brain cells, said Hydén, seldom divide and replace themselves as do most other cells in the body. The neurons that a child...
...brain's RNA and protein production are originally determined by deoxyribonucleic acid (the DNA of Biochemist James Watson's bestselling The Double Helix) that is established in the embryo by the sex cells at the time of conception. There is evidence, said Hydén, that the DNA in an old animal differs from that in a young one-and the same is true, presumably, in man. Here, Hydén opened the door a chink for a glimpse into an admittedly farout future. If a reasonably pure extract of brain DNA is injected into some animals...
From 30 to 35 HYD members will handle diverse election day tasks in Cambridge. Tonight they will gather on the third floor of the Student Activities Center to keep in touch with election results...