Word: hydrocarbon
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...World War I's 55 octane gas to World War II's 100 octane plus came slowly. Octane rating is the index of antiknock qualities.* Before 1922 the only way to raise this rating was to increase the percentage of isooctane (and similar compounds). Isooctane is a hydrocarbon, C8H18, which is one of the hundreds of compounds which make up the chemical mixture called gasoline. But isooctane alone makes a poor fuel because it is not volatile enough, does not readily carburet into explodible vapor...
...Houston refinery; a new $10,760,000 toluol plant was also under construction at Baytown, Tex. by Humble Oil. Another defense-born baby of the oil industry was synthetic rubber: Standard Oil Co. of Louisiana had a $1,000,000 buna plant under construction at Baton Rouge, and Hydrocarbon Chemical & Rubber Co. will complete a butadiene plant at Borger, Tex. next month...
...British chemist named Greville Williams broke down natural rubber by distillation, obtained a hydrocarbon compound called isoprene. In 1882 William Tilden, also of Britain, made isoprene by .racking turpentine vapor in a red-hot tube...