Word: hydrocarbons
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...years ago, Dineh Mohajer, 24, was a premed student memorizing hydrocarbon chains and looking forward to a lazy summer of shopping and hanging with friends. Today she runs Hard Candy, a company she started on a whim after mixing pale blue nail polish in her bathroom to match a pair of sandals. Last year's sales: $10 million. This year's projection: $25 million. "Someone asked, 'Why do you make nail polish for young girls with colors called Pimp and Porno?'" she recalls. "I thought, 'O.K. You're taking yourself wa-a-ay too seriously.' Like, pimp is slang...
Nowhere in this hydrocarbon hysteria did the notion arise that maybe gas prices are exactly where they ought to be. The price of any commodity is a means of balancing supply and demand, and right now the balance is going in favor of higher prices. In gasoline's case, demand has clearly been on the upswing. It used to be that Americans were happy with a full tank and an open road. Now they don't even need the road, given the growing passion for heavy sport-utility vehicles. "If there hadn't been this shift to larger vehicles," says...
...refining, coal liquefaction and other related industrial processes depend on chemists' being able to manipulate the complex molecules known as hydrocarbons. George Olah of the University of Southern California discovered in the 1960s how to slow down -- and thus control -- hydrocarbon reactions by supercooling them. His work led directly to the development of higher-octane gasoline -- and earned him this year's Chemistry Prize...
...Federal Government. Last month the EPA proposed the first nationwide emissions standards for mowers, garden tractors and other gas- powered garden machinery. The regulations go into effect next year, and by 2003 they are expected to reduce hydrocarbon emissions produced by such equipment 32% and carbon-monoxide emissions...
California is moving even faster and further. The Golden State, which in 1963 became the first to regulate automobile emissions, last year became the first to set strict standards for garden machinery: "the single largest unregulated source of carbon-monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions," according to the California Air Resource Board. Under the new regulations, emissions must be reduced 45% by 1995 and an additional 55% by 1999. The board estimates that annual pollution from small engines in the state is equivalent to 3.5 million new cars running a distance of 16,000 miles each...