Word: hydrogen
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...water will be taken in the combined form of hydrogen peroxide, one molecule of which can be very readily split up into one molecule of water and half a molecule of oxygen. . . . Water will of course be the basis of all beverages, chief amongst which will be cocoa, though a small amount of coffee might be necessary as a stimulant for navigators falling asleep over their interminable calculations. It is debatable whether some alcoholic beverage should be permitted to celebrate the landing on the moon but there will in any case be a small amount in the medicine chest...
...houses no telescope but a powerful atom-smasher, one of the two biggest in the world. The other is being readied at East Pittsburgh by Westinghouse Electric. Last week, after years of planning and construction, the Carnegie monster started its first test runs, hurling streams of protons (nuclei of hydrogen atoms) into a quartz plate at 5,000,000 volts...
Main reason why Dr. Lawrence is so loath to part with his cyclotron is that he is now engaged in the most significant problem of his career: the effect of neutron rays on cancer of human beings. The cyclotron whirls ions of heavy hydrogen (deuterons) between the poles of a huge electromagnet, then hurls them into a drumlike vacuum chamber. When they are charged with nearly eight million volts of energy, the ions are shot against a target of light metal, usually beryllium. The bullets knock out streams of neutrons, tiny particles about the same weight as protons but carrying...
Professor Fermi found them by bombarding uranium with a stream of neutrons (tiny particles which weigh about the same as a proton or hydrogen nucleus but have no electric charge). His bombarding neutrons slipped into the hearts of the uranium atoms, forming an unstable new element, ckarhcuium-No. 93. Similarly, in 1936, Dr. Fermi created a few atoms of ckaosmium-No. 94. Some of his other discoveries about neutrons: Having no electric charge, neutrons are not affected by the negative electric field outside an atom or by the positive charge on its nucleus. The only thing that stops them...
...John Douglas Cockroft and E. T. S. Walton performed the first artificial nuclear disintegrations. Using protons (hydrogen nuclei) speeded up in a high-voltage combination of transformers, rectifiers and condensers, Cockroft and his co-worker split lithium atoms, created helium...