Word: hydrogen
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...molecule delivers its oxygen to the body's tissues, it reverts to its original shape and attracts charged hydrogen atoms. The blood thus becomes alkaline, forms a temporary chemical bond with carbon dioxide and water from the tissues in the form of bicarbonate and carries it to the lungs, where it changes back into water and carbon dioxide before being exhaled. The change of molecular shape is important, says Perutz, "because it is the most elementary manifestation of the property of a living system that can turn chemical energy into movement...
These organic compounds made of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen resemble ordinary liquids. Yet their orderly molecular structure is similar to that of solid crystals such as diamonds, mica and quartz. The crystals themselves are not new, but it was only recently that scientists discovered that an electrical charge makes them light-reflecting; the higher the voltage, the greater the reflecting power. At first, this "electro-optical effect" could be shown only in the laboratory, since the crystals reacted to electricity only at certain temperatures. Now, after trying more than 100 compounds, RCA scientists have produced a crystal that responds...
...most people today, the word brings to mind a fetchingly skimpy swimsuit. Few now recall that Bikini was the site of the world's fourth atom ic detonation and the cradle of the hydrogen bomb. It has been 22 years since the atoll's docile people were banished by the atom, and gentling nature and the passage of time have leached away Bikini's residual radiation. Lush vegetation once more covers the island. Through their long exile, most of it on inhospitable, isolated, mosquito-plagued Kili Island, the 300 or so Bikinians have huddled in a beachfront...
...first of Saturn's obvious troubles, the unexpected and early shutdown of two of the five J-2 engines powering the second stage (TIME, April 12), was traced to a fuel line that broke under the strain of liquid hydrogen flowing through it at approximately 100 m.p.h. The break set off a chain of events that lowered pressure in the engine, which automatically shut down. Because of an incorrectly wired circuit, the shutdown on the first engine sent a signal to another, perfectly operating engine, erroneously ordering it to shut down also...
Jarred Astronauts. Failure of the third-stage rocket engine to restart later in the mission was tentatively traced to a broken line that supplied hydrogen to the ignition system. Without an ignition flame, the engine could not be restarted. To reduce the possibility of future breaks in the stainless-steel fuel lines, flexible joints in the lines will be either eliminated or greatly strengthened...