Word: hydrogen
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Fusion, on the other hand, requires extreme pressure and temperatures as high as 100 million degrees. Under these conditions, the nuclei of light atoms are energized (or speeded up) enough so that they can overcome their mutually repulsive electrical charges, collide and fuse. In the hydrogen bomb, the necessary pressures and temperatures are produced by first setting off a fission explosion. Controlling and containing fusion will be vastly more difficult, but scientists believe that the Russian-invented Tokamak (for "Toroidal Kamera Magnetic") system can be developed into a practical and safe reactor...
Horowitz was concentrating on a helium-filled acrylic box connected by a series of pipes to an enormous Van de Graaf generator. The generator was splitting hydrogen molecules to produce protons, which were accelerated down the pipes and into the box. There the stream smashed into the apple skin, turning the helium in its path an eerie purple. The apple skin was browning and curling up under the bombardment. "Wow," Horowitz said. "This baby is taking quite a beating...
...radio spectrum especially important to radio astronomy. SMS-1, for instance, operates near the 18-cm. band, which is the natural wave length of hydroxyl, one of the first molecules discovered in space. It is from the signals of the hydroxyl molecule (which consists of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen) that radio astronomers have been learning about star formation and the nature of the clouds of gases between the stars...
...opposed to the 92 natural elements, which range in complexity from hydrogen-with one proton in its nucleus-to uranium, with...
...miles greater than the spread between its poles. The data returned by the spacecraft also support the long-held theory that Jupiter is unique among planets: a great ball of whirling gases and liquids with no solid surface. Its outermost 600 miles consist of an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium gases laced with clouds composed of crystals of ammonia, ammonia hydrosulfide and water ice. The rest of the planet is mostly a seething cauldron of liquid hydrogen, except perhaps for a small, rocky, possibly iron-bearing core. Scientists suspect that Jupiter's extreme interior heat-about...