Word: hydrogen
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...University's Program on Peace Studies and author of The Politics of Nuclear Proliferation: "No one has yet bought himself a big firecracker and been able to let it go at that." In fact, India may now even be tempted to expend the resources to develop a costly hydrogen bomb...
Shuttling Gas. Unlike typical internal combustion engines, the Stirling engine is powered by heat from an external source. In the Ford-Philips design (see diagram), hydrogen gas is heated by a burner, which can run on virtually any kind of fuel. The sealed-in hydrogen then expands, enters one cylinder and pushes a sliding piston. As the piston moves, it forces gas out of the other end of the cylinder; the emerging gas is cooled and then moves toward an adjacent cylinder where heat is applied once more and the process is repeated. As the gas shuttles between interconnected cylinders...
Giant airships vanished from the skies after the hydrogen-filled Hindenburg exploded and burned in 1937. But airship enthusiasts, buoyed by little more than hope, have remained at their drawing boards, designing huge lighter-than-air dirigibles that they believe could still compete effectively against other forms of transportation...
...controlled fusion can occur only under conditions of very high temperature and density that researchers have tried for years to produce by using powerful magnetic fields to squeeze or confine isotopes of hydrogen called deuterium and tritium. But even the best of these "magnetic bottles" -which require tremendous amounts of energy to operate-have so far been unable to provide the necessary temperature and density for more than a tiny fraction of a second...
...more efficient tool for creating fusion: the laser. By heating a tiny pellet of deuterium or tritium with a powerful pulse of laser light, they cause the explosive evaporation of the pellet's surface. As the material sprays off, the rest of the pellet implodes. The hydrogen nuclei are thus forced together. As early as 1968, a team of Soviet researchers under Physicist Nikolai Basov, a Nobel laureate, reported that they had used lasers to ignite a brief but clearly detectable fusion reaction. Since then, their experiments have been repeated-and improved upon-in a number of countries, including...