Word: hydrogen
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...universe down to earth. Like cosmic rays from outer space, the particles shot through the Bevatron are really bare nuclei of atoms-in this case nitrogen-that have been stripped of their electrons and accelerated to tremendous velocities. By shooting these tiny bullets into a plastic target rich in hydrogen atoms, the Berkeley team was able to dissect the laboratory-produced cosmic rays. The collisions fragmented the nitrogen nuclei into every element lighter than nitrogen in the periodic table. By analyzing the results of this and similar experiments, physicists hope to bolster their meager store of knowledge about not only...
...company's legal costs. Today the paper mill has been joined by a clutch of chemical companies and other industries. One chemical company alone dumps 690,000 pounds of sulfuric acid daily into the Savannah River, occasionally causing the water to boil, seethe and emit the malodors of hydrogen sulfide and methane gas. The Savannah has become so polluted that not even hardened beach bums will swim...
...distance between the two antennas (up to 3,500 ft.). Then, aiming his twin instruments at two particularly powerful sources of radio energy, the galaxies M82 and NGC 253, * he quickly found what he was looking for: the characteristic signature of hydroxyl radicals, simple molecules composed of a single hydrogen and a single oxygen atom...
Indirect Evidence. To substantiate his hunch that this is what happens on Jupiter, Lieut. Colonel Streett (a mechanical-engineer-turned-physicist who heads West Point's new science research laboratory) calculated the effects of high pressures on hydrogen and helium, the basic gases in the Jovian atmosphere. He deduced that if such a combination were subjected to several hundred thousand times earthly atmospheric pressure (14.7 Ibs. per sq. in. at sea level), the hydrogen would begin to solidify first, its density becoming less than that of the remaining gaseous mixture of hydrogen and helium. Physicist Ringermacher, then a Private...
While an earthbound observer could not see such a deeply submerged island of hydrogen, the three men concluded, he probably could detect some indirect evidence of its existence. Because the huge mass would act as a barrier against the hot, rising currents characteristic of the Jovian atmosphere, the area above the solidified hydrogen would be relatively calm and free of the white ammonia clouds that cover much of the planet. As a result, the observer would be able to see much farther into the atmosphere and perceive the deep red at its lower depths...