Word: hydrogen
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...overheating of a connection between two of the collider’s superconducting electromagnets, and the subsequent leakage of hydrogen into the collider tunnel resulted in the announcement on Saturday that the structure would have to be shut down for repairs. Further reports have indicated that the collider will not be run again until the spring...
...Composed of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen, the compound was invented in the 1830s by a German scientist and came into fashion as a material used to make plastics and laminates in the late 1930s. When combined with formaldehyde and exposed to extreme heat, melamine creates a moldable material that, when cooled, is virtually unbreakable and dishwasher-safe. This made it the durable dishware of choice on some U.S. Navy ships during World War II. After the war, designer Russel Wright and the St. Louis-based company Branchell, among others, developed molded dinnerware out of melamine, known as Melmac, designing sets...
That's just one of countless questions that needs an answer before plug-in cars can truly take their place on American roads. Certainly, electric cars have at least one built-in advantage: The electrical grid already exists. Other auto alternatives, like hydrogen fuel cells, would require the development of an expensive new infrastructure to deliver the gas to fueling stations around the country. But to make plug-ins a truly viable alternative - one that could kill petroleum - we will need to make changes to the way we supply and use electricity, both small and large. "Electricity is everywhere...
...sheer ubiquity of carbon is what makes eliminating greenhouse-gas emissions so difficult. But the surprising truth, Roston writes, is that we have actually been decarbonizing over time. Humanity's main fuel for eons was wood, which has a carbon-to-hydrogen ratio of 10 to 1 when burned; by comparison, that ratio is 2 to 1 for coal and 1 to 2 for oil. The problem is that we're burning ever larger amounts of fossil fuels, putting a greater concentration of carbon into the atmosphere than has been seen for millions of years. Though carbon has its positive...
...Soviet missile or warhead by burning through its skin or, in a pulsating version, by hitting it with a sledgehammer-type blow. SDI scientists have been exploring the merits of deploying several types of laser weapons in space. Chemical lasers, generated by the reaction of gases such as hydrogen and fluorine, are now considered too unwieldy for space deployment. When they are ground based, their long-wavelength beam would be too ineffective to penetrate the atmosphere and make a missile kill. Today the hottest option is the free- electron laser, generated by the action of electromagnetic fields on electrons. Although...