Word: hydrogenate
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...Castle. When the test-detection system that Strauss had demanded disclosed that the Russians had set off their first A-bomb on Aug. 29, 1949, a new controversy split AEC and the nation's atomic scientists. Should the U.S. start a crash program to develop a hydrogen bomb? Strauss pleaded for it, but Lilienthal and the other three commissioners argued that the U.S. had a sufficient atomic superiority. J. Robert Oppenheimer, head of a general advisory commit tee of scientists to AEC, maintained that the doubtful project would only divert personnel from the proven A-bomb program. To Strauss...
Scientists have long used high-energy protons (fundamental particles that form the nuclei of hydrogen atoms) as tools to explore the secret innards of matter. Two enormous accelerators, one at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, the other near Geneva, Switzerland, spew out protons with 30 billion electron-volts of energy. Yet in some ways protons are clumsy tools for basic research; for many subtle experiments, electrons (much lighter negative particles of electricity) are better. But electrons are so much more difficult to handle that scientists have never been able to give them really high energy. The Cambridge accelerator is designed...
...rays can be made far more effective in treating (and sometimes curing) local ized cancers if the area can be pretreated with a hydrogen-peroxide solution injected into an artery, reported Baylor University's Dr. John T. Mallams. While limited in application, because no wide spread and few deep cancers can be at tacked this way, the method shows prom ise for cancers of the skin, mouth, and even some in the brain...
...develop "clean" hydrogen bombs with little or no radioactive fall out by improving the efficiency of the fission "trigger" that produces most of the fallout in nuclear explosions...
Only a little plutonium-about 10 lbs. -is needed, chiefly as a detonator. Modern nuclear weapons get most of their power from comparatively plentiful fusion materials, such as lithium and deuterium (heavy hydrogen). The nation that makes or acquires a few plutonium detonators can upgrade them without much difficulty into city-busting H-bombs. "The cost of deuterium," says one British scientist, "is about like good champagne...