Word: hydrogenate
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Just what made Andrei Sakharov tick? The Soviet Academy of Sciences' Brain Institute intends to find out. The mind that helped create the U.S.S.R.'s hydrogen bomb and spearheaded the Soviet dissident movement now lies cut into "blocks" and preserved in paraffin, awaiting examination by the institute's scientists...
...bespectacled German-born physicist named Klaus Fuchs walked into London's War Office and confessed to being a spy. For seven years, from 1942 to 1949, Fuchs had systematically funneled high-level secrets about U.S. and British nuclear-weapons research to the U.S.S.R., including plans for the yet unfinished hydrogen bomb...
...breakthrough idea was the recognition that the fuel would burn more efficiently if it was compressed before it was heated. According to Bethe, Ulam approached Teller with a two-stage H-bomb design that used the shock waves from an A-bomb to compact the hydrogen and ignite the H-bomb. Teller adapted Ulam's design, using the energy of the A-bomb's radiation rather than the force of its shock waves to achieve the necessary compression. It was a bomb of this design, code named Mike, that exploded on Nov. 1, 1952, on the Pacific island of Elugelab...
...from all normal social contacts and followed at all times by a bodyguard. A theoretical physicist ranking with America's J. Robert Oppenheimer and Edward Teller, he was the youngest person ever elected to the Soviet Academy of Sciences. After he helped develop the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb in the early 1950s, he became one of the country's most decorated men. But he remained unknown because his honors were bestowed in secret. In those years, Sakharov believed he had a useful function: "When I began working on this terrible weapon, I felt subjectively that I was working...
...beginning of 1968, I felt a growing compulsion to speak out. I was influenced by my life experience and a feeling of personal responsibility, reinforced by the part I'd played in the development of the hydrogen bomb, the special knowledge I'd gained about thermonuclear warfare, my bitter struggle to ban nuclear testing and my familiarity with the Soviet system. My reading and discussions with a fellow scientist had acquainted me with the notions of an open society, convergence and world government. I hoped that these notions might ease the tragic crisis of our age. In 1968 I took...