Word: hydrogenated
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Castle. When the test-detection system that Strauss had demanded disclosed that the Russians had set off their first A-bomb on Aug. 29, 1949, a new controversy split AEC and the nation's atomic scientists. Should the U.S. start a crash program to develop a hydrogen bomb? Strauss pleaded for it, but Lilienthal and the other three commissioners argued that the U.S. had a sufficient atomic superiority. J. Robert Oppenheimer, head of a general advisory commit tee of scientists to AEC, maintained that the doubtful project would only divert personnel from the proven A-bomb program. To Strauss...
...that followed are just vaguely familiar names now, but they loom large in the memories of the weary scientists, including Ogle, who sweated them out. There was Ranger at Frenchman Flat near Las Vegas, Greenhouse at Eniwetok, Buster-Jangle and Tumbler-Snapper. With Ivy in November 1952, the first hydrogen bomb was exploded, wiping out the tiny island of Elugelab, and digging a crater a mile long and 175 ft. deep in the ocean's floor, near Eniwetok. During Castle, near Bikini in the spring of 1954, miscalculations on power and meteorology caused radioactive ash to fall and injure...
...World's first hydrogen bomb explosion, by U.S., in Operation Ivy near Eniwetok...
...First Soviet hydrogen bomb explosion...
Scientists have long used high-energy protons (fundamental particles that form the nuclei of hydrogen atoms) as tools to explore the secret innards of matter. Two enormous accelerators, one at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, the other near Geneva, Switzerland, spew out protons with 30 billion electron-volts of energy. Yet in some ways protons are clumsy tools for basic research; for many subtle experiments, electrons (much lighter negative particles of electricity) are better. But electrons are so much more difficult to handle that scientists have never been able to give them really high energy. The Cambridge accelerator is designed...