Word: hydrogenating
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...amount of gelatin in the ordinary dessert, he pointed out, is probably less than one tenth of an ounce. No one knows the exact chemical formula of gelatin; it is a complex protein containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen...
...world's biggest, most powerful. Last week he gave a progress report on this monster in operation. With a power input of only 50 kilowatts (more than enough to run a good-sized radio station), he and his crew have obtained beams of 16-million-volt heavy hydrogen particles and 32-million-volt helium particles. With the 32-million-volt beam, new radioactive substances throwing off electrified helium gas have been discovered. The machine has performed so well that Dr. Lawrence now wants a bigger one. He considers it entirely feasible to build a 2,000-ton cyclotron - costing...
...Robert Hutchings Goddard, who, backed by Guggenheim funds, runs a rocket-experiment station in the New Mexico desert. In his early experiments taciturn Dr. Goddard used ordinary gunpowder for fuel, has since switched to liquid fuels, such as a mixture of oxygen and gasoline, or oxygen and hydrogen-tricky to handle but highly efficient. He has sent rockets up vertically to heights of a mile and a half. His chief interest in rockets: as a possible means of carrying scientific instruments up higher than stratosphere balloons can take them. But experimenters abroad, especially in Germany and Russia, are reported...
Atoms of the same chemical element which have different weights are called isotopes. Isotopes are Chemist Urey's special ty. He won a Nobel Prize for discovering deuterium, the heavy isotope of hydrogen which makes "heavy water" (TIME, Nov. 26, 1934). Later, one of the Urey crews produced large quantities of heavy nitrogen (TIME, Sept. 20, 1937). Nitrogen is present in all proteins. Heavy nitrogen atoms can be distinguished from the common kind by mass spectrographic means, but in protein reactions they run along with their lighter fellows, and so serve as "tagged atoms" or chemical spies to show...
...heavy carbon apparatus is a tall glass cylinder with glass spirals inside. Heavy carbon can be separated from light carbon because it dissolves in hydrogen cyanide and sodium cyanide at slightly different rates. When sodium cyanide in water solution runs down the spiral and hydrogen cyanide as a gas flows upward, heavy carbon collects at the top of the apparatus. There were no leaks and the canaries warbled serenely...