Word: hydrogenating
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...atom contains only one proton and one electron, which makes it the lightest element known to science. It is completely colorless, completely odorless. And it is that ultimate simplicity that has earned for hydrogen some of the most sophisticated jobs in modern science. Refrigerated into a liquid state, hydrogen is helping physicists to peer into the heart of the atom, to trace the fleeting histories of the smallest building blocks of matter. Space scientists are depending on it to launch the Apollo spacecraft that will take the first U.S. astronauts to the moon...
Simplicity, however, is not hydrogen's only attribute. In its liquid state, it is one of the most intractable and unforgiving substances on earth. It is given to violent explosions on the slightest opportunity. It was only natural that the very presence of a tank of liquid hydrogen was immediately blamed last week for the blasts that rocked the Harvard-M.I.T. electron accelerator laboratory at Cambridge and injured eight young scientists...
...laboratory's new bubble chamber for the study of subnuclear particles lay twisted and scorched in the $1,000,000 wreckage. When all the evidence has been studied, the deceptively simple element may yet be exonerated. But significantly, when the accident occurred, the scientists were cautiously handling hydrogen, piping it into the 100-gal. bubble chamber...
Vicious Problem. Although a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, first liquefied hydrogen in 1898, it remained a mere curiosity until after World War II. Then it was enlisted as a tool in the modern specialty of cryogenics (the science and technology of very low temperatures), which has been instrumental in developments ranging from exotic new metals to important new discoveries in superconductivity. Liquid hydrogen came into its own when it was put to use in bubble chambers for experiments in high-energy physics. In such studies, accelerators smash the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, scattering subnuclear debris through the bubble...
...gallons of hydrogen-far more than contained in the famous blimp Von Hindenberg-exploded, the force of the blast would have been much more powerful...