Word: hydrogenating
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...million worth of frustration, a snow-white Centaur rocket flashed its hoofs high over Cape Kennedy last week and galloped into orbit. As its Atlas booster fell away, the Centaur's own nozzles bloomed with a blue, barely visible flame: the high-energy signature of burning hydrogen...
...Bootstraps. Designed to hurl more than a ton of instrument payloads all the way to the moon, the 28½-ft. Centaur generates 30,000 Ibs. of thrust with its two restartable Pratt & Whitney engines. The hydrogen fuel they burn has been the key-and the curse-of the Centaur system from the time it was born on engineers' drawing boards. As early as 1909, U.S. Rocket Pioneer Robert Goddard noted that hydrogen (in liquid form, known as LH.,) might prove to be the optimum chemical rocket fuel. Its light molecular weight, less than half that of standard liquid...
...more than 700 ground firings, the engine seemed ready for a test in the weightless environment of space. But the crucial first shot ended in naming failure before the engines could ignite. Just 55 seconds after liftoff, a weather shield tore loose, followed by a blazing rupture in a hydrogen fuel tank. With Centaur already 18 months behind schedule and Congressmen crying inept management NASA shifted the program from Marshall Space Flight Center, where Wernher von Braun's team was primarily concerned with the Saturn program, to the Lewis Research Center in Cleveland. There tough-minded Director Abe Silverstein...
...universe, the Arecibo dish will be enormously sensitive, concentrating the signals that fall on more than 18 acres. It will work best with radio waves about two feet long, but Dr. Gordon believes it will also pick up the important data-rich 21-cm. waves that come from hydrogen in the distant parts of the galaxy...
...overlap. Unfortunately broadcasting networks on this channel will transmit radio waves on the frequencies between 608 and 614 megacycles per second. Radio astronomers find this portion of the spectrum very useful because it is roughly an octave below (half the frequency) of the 21-centimeter line of unionized hydrogen. If Channel 37 becomes nationwide, all astronomical work on that band will be forced to stop because the sensitive antennas of the scientist will be receiving Gunsmoke instead of the Milky...