Word: hydrogenating
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...niftiest new hybrids is from Mazda, the Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid concept car. This "tribrid" has three energy sources--gasoline, electricity and hydrogen. The main combustion engine can burn either gasoline or hydrogen, which is fed to the engine from a tank in the trunk. The driver can change between the two by hitting a switch next to the steering wheel. Hydrogen as a fuel burns like gasoline, but it's about 10% more efficient, and emits only water. Throw in the hybrid function (an electric motor) and fuel efficiency rises again. Mazda hopes to have the car available...
...probably never thought your average house paint could help solve the world energy crunch. But Michael Flickinger, 54, founding director of the University of Minnesota's Biotechnology Institute, has found a way to make hydrogen--and then electricity--from genetically engineered bacteria embedded in the adhesive latex polymer particles that form the basis of most paints. Thinly coated onto plastic or metals, the polymers, which are infused with bacteria, are permeable to gases and nutrients. The coatings--about two-thirds the thickness of a sheet of paper--jump to life when exposed to light and begin making hydrogen gas, which...
What has also changed is how much toxicologists know about the harmful effects of fluoride compounds. Ingested in high doses, fluoride is indisputably toxic; it was once commonly used in rat poison. Hydrogen fluoride is regulated as a hazardous pollutant in emissions from chemical plants and has been linked to respiratory illness. Even in toothpaste, sodium fluoride is a health concern. In 1997 the Food and Drug Administration toughened the warning on every tube to read, "If more than used for brushing is accidentally swallowed, get medical help or contact a poison-control center right away...
That, as many a manufacturer will attest, is easier said than done. Trans fats are byproducts in hydrogenated oils--whose constituent fats have been chemically altered by the addition of hydrogen atoms. Those oils are loved by restaurateurs because they can be repeatedly reheated without breaking down and by food processors because they're resistant to rancidity. They also provide much of the comfort in comfort food, accounting for everything from the flavor of chips to the flaky layering of croissants to the stubborn moistness of muffins...
Before 64-slice CT appeared on the scene, many physicians thought the future of cardiac scans belonged to a completely different technology: magnetic resonance imaging. Instead of X rays, MRI uses powerful electromagnets that are tuned to detect the hydrogen found in water--which in turn is present in most of the body's soft tissues. An MRI machine can produce astonishingly detailed images of the heart. Just as important, it can also determine how healthy the cardiac tissue is. For example, in a heart-attack patient, an MRI can pick out precisely which sections of the cardiac muscle...