Word: hydrogenic
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Most experts agree that petroleum was formed from organic remains which accumulated on the sea floor. The mystery: How was it done? Almost all organic substances contain oxygen, while petroleum is largely hydrocarbons, compounds of carbon and hydrogen only. Chemists have been unable to decide how the oxygen was eliminated. Some thought that deep-down bacteria did it (TIME, Dec. 17, 1945), but others politely said...
Cyclotron. For high-powered work, the cyclotron has had a basic flaw: at very high speeds it runs head on into relativity. In a cyclotron, nuclear bullets (such as deuterons-the nucleus of the heavy hydrogen atom) are whirled around in a drum divided across the middle, like a halved round cheese. Each time a bullet crosses the gap between the drum halves, it gets an electrical kick, increasing its speed. Because of the bullet's great speed (it circles the drum in millionths of a second), accurate timing of the kick is all-important. But as the bullet...
This discovery has some immediate applications. Blond, bushy-browed Walter H. Zinn, the discoverer, who looks like a happy Mephistopheles, thinks that neutrons can probably be used like X rays to examine the structure of molecules. Neutrons are light enough to be scattered by hydrogen atoms, which X rays do not detect; hence they can be used to study organic molecules, such as viruses, which mark the difference between living and inanimate matter...
When the rocket is fired, the first gadget to start is a compact turbine developing 580 horsepower and driven by steam from a chemical reaction involving sodium or calcium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. This runs pumps which force liquid oxygen and alcohol into the bulb-shaped combustion chamber. Reacting fiercely, they shoot a blast of gases through a venturi ring at about 6,000 ft. a second...
...gasoline was only 40-octane, and the method was too expensive for commercial use in this country. Keith worked out a similar method of making gasoline from natural gas, thinks he has made it commercially feasible. In brief, natural gas is burned with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can then be reacted to produce liquid hydrocarbons, i.e., gasoline...