Word: hydrogenized
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...about 220° below zero F., and the outer planets-Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto-are even colder, which eliminates them as harborers of life. Moreover the atmospheres of the big planets contain great quantities of ammonia and methane, which are poisonous to earthly organisms. These substances are rich in hydrogen, lightest of gases and hence the most likely to escape from a planet's gravitational pull. The big planets are massive enough still to retain most of their original hydrogen, hence the ammonia and methane. The young earth locked up some useful hydrogen in water vapor and fortunately lost...
...difference between wood and oil is that wood is mostly carbohydrates (com posed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) whereas oil is mostly hydrocarbons (composed of carbon and hydrogen only). Chemically these two great classes of compounds behave very differently. But economically the really important difference between wood and oil is that wood-burning locomotives are obsolete, whereas oil-burning Diesel trains are the height of modernity...
...relatives of the syphilis spirochete, which first invade the gums, may later migrate to tonsils, salivary glands and lungs. Trench mouth is most prevalent in summertime when campers use common utensils and cups. To kill the trench mouth spirochete, doctors usually swab their patients' swollen gums with hydrogen peroxide, silver salts or arsphenamine, prescribe mouthwashes of sodium perborate. But such treatment usually lasts for many weeks...
...used to be thought that as the sun used up its fuel, it would grow colder & colder, that the end of life on earth would be a freeze-out. Dr. Gamow's own researches show that as the sun converts more & more hydrogen into energy, it must get continually hotter. Toward the end of its hydrogen supply, Gamow estimates, the sun's radiation will have increased a hundredfold. Thus a heat-death instead of a cold-death is threatened for earthlings...
...earth under such conditions, though the progress of technique during the next few billions of years . . . may make it possible to dig safe, air-conditioned underground cellars for humanity or even to transport the whole population of the earth to some distant planet. . . ." Even at the increasing rate of hydrogen consumption, the sun has enough left for ten billion years. Thus it has five-sixths of its life to live as a normal star. But when the hydrogen is gone at last, it will grow cooler, collapse into an enormously dense, feebly shining dwarf star, with its fragments of ruined...