Word: hydrogens
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...tall, stooped man of 55 bundled himself into his worn overcoat and ratty fur hat, walked down seven flights of stairs and made his way through a noontime snowstorm to a public phone booth. It was by now a familiar routine for Andrei Sakharov, foremost builder of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, winner of the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize and leader of the Russian human rights movement. On that day, a friend had brought a report of yet another arrest, and it was Sakharov's self-imposed duty to inform Western journalists, who would tell the world...
...from New York's Bronx High School of Science, finished Columbia at the head of his class by age 17, had his doctorate in physics from Columbia by 22. Two years later he was a protégé of Edward Teller, a leader in developing the hydrogen bomb. As one of Robert McNamara's "Whiz Kids" and research director of the Defense Department by the time he was 33, he was nicknamed Childe Harold. Now a mature 49, the brilliant scientist-manager was near the top of Jimmy Carter's talent list from the first...
...star's red-giant phase lasts until the hydrogen in the layer around the core is exhausted, perhaps as long as a billion years. The stage that follows is short-lived. Its fires banked, the star is deprived of the outward radiation pressure. It contracts violently, driving the core temperature up again, until it reaches 200 million degrees. That is hot enough to ignite the helium, which fuses into a still heavier element: carbon. Its radiation energy restored, the star zooms back toward red-giant status 100 times faster than it took to get there the first time...
Indeed, scientists believe hydrogen and helium were the only two elements in the primordial universe. But when stars formed in the clouds of these two gases, they began the manufacture of the other elements now found in nature. That this sequence occurred seems to be supported by spectral-line evidence in starlight. Older stars, formed when the universe was young, have only traces of the heavier elements. Stars born more recently have more of the heavy elements produced by their predecessors. Those currently forming in interstellar dust clouds can be expected to have significant proportions of the atoms produced...
...researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Lincoln Laboratory used a radio telescope to discover the hydroxyl radical (two-thirds of the water molecule) in space. Since then, more than three dozen molecules have been found floating in the galactic clouds, including those of methane, formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, ethyl alcohol and carbon monoxide...