Word: ibm
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...times slipping back into the sloppy, inexperienced football of its opener, more often playing single wing football of IBM-like precision, the Crimson justified the predictions of optimists who still saw seven games left on the schedule after the Massachusetts defeat...
There are, however, some tangible facts about the University which can at least help to set the scene. Cornell ranks on the IBM level of the Ivy League in enrollment, with slightly less than 10,000 students in all its various divisions, only a few behind the Harvard figure...
...Twenty IBM machines--each capable of marking up to 600 tests on hour--are responsible for all the actual scoring. Machines electrically record the number of right and wrong answers on each paper. Until recently machines merely recorded correct answers but a college board decision to deduct on quarter credit for each mistake necessitated the change...
Such dubious means, however, are to no avail. While the IBM machine quite definitely falls prey to such goings-on, a half a dozen highly-trained ETS exam inspectors do not. These inspectors examine every answer sheet before it is placed in the marking machines. According to Louis Cozma, head of the ETS marking division, even the cleverest cheating system can be spotted in a matter of seconds...
...critics of a large university say that its students are no longer treated as people, but instead are reduced to little more than slots on an IBM card and names on a grading list. Out of concern with this problem in 1928 grew the House system and the tutorial plan, and until the War, these steps were enough to check the impersonality that comes with bigness. But after the war, the University was swamped by numbers far larger than it had ever known before. The Houses sacrificed some elegance and stretched to find the needed space for new crowds...