Word: ibm
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Ethical thought about the living-to-living transplants divides into two general perspectives, two systems of thought that are in many ways as incompatible as Apple and IBM. On one side are the non-alarmist accommodationists. On the other side are the biotechnical Luddites...
...cause of Akers' aches is hardly a secret. Once synonymous with computers, IBM has seen its worldwide share of the industry toboggan from 37% in 1983 to a current 23%, with little relief in sight. Such statistics may ; have been on Akers' mind when he warned his captive executive audience, "If any one of you is not keeping pace with the industry, then that is unsatisfactory performance...
...favorable court district and operate with near impunity. The reorganization ended the legal hodgepodge by creating a single Court of Appeals that has tended to favor patent holders, who now win 80% of all infringement cases, vs. 25% before the reforms. Says Roger Smith, chief intellectual-property attorney at IBM: "There is more confidence in the courts and greater confidence in patents than ever before...
...York City, runs the biggest intellectual-property practice, with some 110 attorneys specializing in the field. General Electric, America's biggest exporter and No. 1 patent holder, has added some 25 patent attorneys to its staff since 1985, for a total of 125. It still ranks second to IBM, which employs...
With the cost of litigation soaring -- defending a patent in court can cost ( $250,000 to $2 million -- entrepreneurs are financing lawsuits for inventors in exchange for a piece of future royalties. A New York City company, Refac Technology, has sued more than 2,000 companies, including IBM, Kodak, Sears, Exxon and Sony, on behalf of small inventors. Refac raised more than $3 million from investors to finance a series of suits by Gordon Gould, inventor of the laser, against the likes of AT&T and Xerox. The companies settled. Refac's revenues last year, mainly from royalty fees, exceeded...