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Controllers trace the troubles back to 1981, the year Ronald Reagan decided to break their union rather than meet its demands for better pay, benefits and safety measures. The FAA fired all 11,000 striking controllers, then contracted with IBM to deliver a system of high-tech computers that would rule the skies. "Rather than incremental changes, they tried to reinvent the system," says Mike Connor, NATCA's director of safety and technology. "They were trying to computerize everything, but you can't computerize human reasoning or decision making." After investing $2 billion and watching the projected costs balloon from...
...smallish room in the Philadelphia convention center, world chess champion Garry Kasparov continues his chess struggle against IBM's Deep Blue computer. With the six-game match tied at 2-2 heading in Friday's game, the match has if nothing else served as a demonstration that brute computer power can at least equal the best that humans have to offer, says TIME's William Dowell. "Kasparov personally evaluated Deep Blue's performance as ranging somewhere between 2300 and 3000 depending on circumstances. Kasparov's own chess rating is 2750. The best computer before Kasparov was somewhere around 2300." Although...
...Alexander, Dole and Buchanan got the three tickets out of Iowa," said IBM Professor of Business and Government Roger B. Porter, a former aide to Presidents Reagan and Bush...
...Markkula, when Apple's share of the personal-computer market hovered at 9.4%. Now it is just 7.8%. The company was hard hit last year by the arrival of Microsoft's Windows 95 operating system, which mimics the look and feel of Apple's Macintosh computers but runs on IBM-compatible machines that are cheaper...
PHILADELPHIA: Chess Champion Garry Kasparov is battling for his reputation against a computer he calls 'the monster'. Currently he is tied 1-1 against the worlds most potent chess computer, an IBM RS-6000SP named Deep Blue. In his first game, Kasparov tried a late game assault which might have rattled a human opponant, but Deep Blue remained unruffled and forced Kasparov to resign on move 37. In the second match yesterday, Kasparov offered Deep Blue short term advantages which weakened its overall position enough for him to force Deep Blue resignation on move 73 after five hours and forty...