Word: idealizations
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Tsongas has a universal message, which is ideal for students," Miller said...
...dignified and durable symbol of this government. George Washington kept close watch over its planning and design, wanting a monument that reflected the majesty of the office. And Washington's insistence that the presidency be founded on the highest dimensions and standards of human character has been the ideal for more than two centuries. When the first President was 15 years old, he compiled for himself 102 "Rules of Civility," which he put in his notebook. Among them: "Shake not the head, feet or legs, roll not the eye, lift not one eyebrow higher than the other...
This parallels the developments in English landscape gardening in the 18th century, in which an ideal natural setting was created (including architectural fragments such as ersatz Greek temples and Gothic churches); this setting bears little resemblance to nature itself. The garden is, in fact, an environment just as artificial as the city...
...This ideal extends beyond the realm of garden design to that of urban planning. Scully points out that gardens surround the chateau of Versailles on one side only; on the other lies the town, which is laid out according to a similar logic of hierarchy and rational order. Three avenues radiate out from the center of the chateau and seem to extend to the ends of the realm...
...following chapters, Scully shows how the vision of rational order embodied at Versailles dominates the successive shaping of gardens and cities. In certain passages, he offers a searing critique of the way in which modern architecture, led by its high priest, Le Corbusier, subverts and dehumanizes this ideal...