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We tend to assume that kids (and adults) know how to achieve success. If they don't get there, it's for lack of effort - or talent. Sometimes that's true. But a lot of the time, people are just flying blind. John List, an economist at the University of...
Similarly, in Chicago, kids were paid for grades - a result they could not always control. There, the findings were mixed. Kids who got paid did indeed get better grades, and they also attended class more - a week and a half more over the school year. That is a big deal...
So what happens if we pay kids to do tasks they know how to do? In Dallas, paying kids to read books - something almost all of them can do - made a big difference. In fact, the experiment had as big or bigger an effect on learning as many other reforms...
Kids may respond better to rewards for specific actions because there is less risk of failure. They can control their attendance; they cannot necessarily control their test scores. The key, then, may be to teach kids to control more overall - to encourage them to act as if they can indeed...
The Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP), one of the most successful charter-school networks in the U.S., has been doling out financial incentives for 15 years, using a model that happens to align perfectly with the results of Fryer's study. KIPP students get paid for actions they can control...