Word: igth
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...world will be able to afford to admit that it is not democratic; but even in . . . western countries that have had a long experience of working parliamentary institutions, the real control of the electorate over the government will have become less effective than it was in the igth century, because the rise in the standard of education will not have kept pace either with the dilution of the electorate or with the increasing complicatedness and technicality of public business." In less experienced states, Toynbee suggests, an even greater gulf will grow "between democratic form and bureaucratic fact...
Every age has had its characteristic instruments: in the 17th century it was the voice, in the 18th the clavier and pipe organ, in the igth the piano and the symphony orchestra. The 20th century instrument is the record machine-a phonograph or a tape recorder...
Liberating the Spirit. Modern critics, following Protestant scholars of the igth century, have praised Luther because he "liberated the spirit" of science, "by freeing all areas of life from the supreme authority of the church." This compliment, says Bishop Lilje, "is probably undeserved." It comes principally from the wishful thinking of secular scholars who thought Luther felt the same way about religion as they...
Some of Hardy's ideas, shaped and misshaped by igth century science, now seem dated and more than dubious; but his struggle with faith-his inability to believe in Christianity and his lingering wish to return to it-is all too contemporary. One of his finest poems, The Oxen, recalls the legend that on Christmas Eve the oxen, too, kneel before God. Writes Hardy...
...many good books in the field of history, two were standouts: British Historian Arthur Bryant's The Age of Elegance, a brilliant, lively account of England in the second decade of the igth Century, and Marshall Davidson's handsome two-volume Life in America, a top-notch social history of the U.S. that was worth...