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History, as it turns out, is on both their sides. Lee is correct that African Americans played a key role in World War II, in which more than 1 million black servicemen helped topple the Axis powers. He is correct too in pointing out that African-American forces made significant contributions to the fight for Iwo Jima. An estimated 700 to 900 African Americans, trained in segregated boot camps, participated in the landmark battle, which claimed the lives of about 6,800 servicemen, nearly all Marines...
...virulent racism they endured--McPhatter says he had to execute his mission without giving orders to white troops, even if they were needed--Latty argues that black soldiers warrant more than fleeting inclusion in the film. Christopher Paul Moore, author of a book about black soldiers in World War II, praises Eastwood's rendering of the battle but laments the limited role it accords African Americans. "Without black labor," he says, "we would've seen a much different ending to the war." Adds Latty: "The way America learns history, unfortunately, is through movies." Eastwood poignantly memorialized a heroic chapter...
...article "in Carter's shadow," Ramesh Ponnuru states that former President Carter "eked out a paper-thin victory only because of Watergate, stagflation and defeat in Vietnam" [June 9]. That's like saying we won World War II only because we had a superior military, we were a united country and right was on our side! Phil Kenny, COLORADO SPRINGS...
...instead of caricaturing diplomacy by invoking the Munich Agreement as code for spinelessness, it is worth studying Chamberlain's failed effort in the Munich talks for lessons in how not to negotiate. He was unprepared, unsophisticated and ultimately unsuccessful in preventing World War II. Having never before boarded an international flight, he flew three times to Germany in 1938, appearing to play supplicant to a violent dictator. Chamberlain sidelined professional diplomats and neglected even to bring his own interpreter, relying instead on Hitler's. Chamberlain's desire to be the man to save Europe blinded him to the impossibility...
...German Luftwaffe, Chamberlain agreed to hand over 3 million Sudeten Germans, even though doing so was more likely to embolden Hitler than placate him. But while Munich was a sellout that showed Hitler how reluctant Britain was to return to war, it was not the cause of World War II any more than the breakdown in talks with Iran could be said to be the cause of Tehran's intensification of its uranium enrichment. The same people who rightly charge Chamberlain with underestimating Hitler seem to believe (naively) that a British threat of war would have rid the dictator...