Word: illich
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...draft was unacceptable. Canon 23 of the text states that no one's "good repute" can be injured "illegitimately," implying, Alberigo argued, that persons could be injured "legitimately." This, he said, could lead to a return of inquisitorial processes like the 1968 interrogation of Radical Educator Ivan Illich, then a monsignor, on such charges as "subversive interpretation" of church discipline. Canon 90 declares that the church "has the inherent right to acquire, conserve and administer those temporal goods needed to pursue its proper objectives," a statement, said Alberigo, that sounds like "a group of businessmen defending an international monopoly...
THEY ARE now the principal characters of the American antiwar movement, and while Francine Gray's account includes a discussion of the broader movement within the Church and a section on Ivan Illich, it necessarily centers on them. Hers is the most complete chronicle to date of the Berrigans' activity, and it is a particularly important book in view of the U. S. government's latest at tempt to discredit their movement and intimidate others who would join them...
Hard Knocks. Illich skillfully picks holes in his own scheme. The drawbacks are vast. With total freedom to choose their education, people might prefer the bliss of ignorance or fall prey to "charlatans, demagogues, clowns, miracle workers and messiahs." Abolishing required school attendance, as Mississippi did after the Supreme Court's desegregation order, might encourage pinch-penny governments to reduce their spending on education. The poor would thus be abandoned completely to the school of hard knocks. More subtly, making teachers depend on student demand might do grave harm to universities that now support "impractical" scholarship...
...obvious question is whether a degreeless society would produce enough skilled people to bring technology under control. It is one thing to lambaste the tyranny of diplomaism, but quite another to expect nations to function without high standards of excellence. Illich rightly condemns excessive meritocracy, which makes learning painful rather than satisfying. He bets on natural human curiosity as the best incentive for intellectual achievement. But a society without formal schooling might face mediocrity. Though Illich has started a vital debate, he has not shown that a country can survive by abolishing academic sticks in favor of carrots alone...
...Illich acknowledges that his Utopian "bridges to nowhere" are "meant to serve a society which does not now exist." Still, some harbingers of deschooling have already appeared. By absorbing children's attention, TV has broken the schools' monopoly on teaching. So have industrial training courses, private computer schools and burgeoning apprenticeship programs for high school students. Peer matching is now performed by a company that arranges telephone "conference calls" among people with similar interests (TIME, Jan. 11). A recent Supreme Court decision (Griggs v. Duke Power Co.) banned exclusionary aptitude tests for men who wanted to advance within...