Word: imams
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Imam Musa Sadr, a charismatic Iranian cleric, led the political mobilization of the Shi'ite community in the 1960s and 1970s, giving it a voice for the first time through his Amal (Arabic for "hope") movement. Hizballah was born with Iranian assistance in the early 1980s, to resist Israel's occupation of Lebanon. And by the 1990s, the dynamism of Hizballah and the demographic advantage of the Shi'ites had begun to eat away at the historical Sunni dominance of Lebanon's Muslim communities...
...Litvinenko had converted to Islam a few days before he died, in a kind of atonement for atrocities Russia (and perhaps Litvinenko himself) had committed in Chechnya, although another doubted any conversion had taken place. Litvinenko's widow Marina had requested a nondenominational service at the graveside, but an imam interrupted the proceedings to perform Islamic rites. Litvinenko, a former Moscow anticorruption detective turned furious critic of the Russian government, had a talent for controversy...
...There is a [criminal law] system working perfectly in this country and we should not be creating conflict between the laws of the land and religious law," says Mohammed Raza, imam and executive secretary of London's Shariah Council. "That would lead to further conflicts, misunderstanding and confusion which is not going to help in developing an integrated society where we all wish to live peacefully and respectfully...
...which radicalized Ma-ae's generation more than any other incident. Initiations take place at night. Each recruit swears allegiance to his cell on a Koran, then eats a piece of paper bearing 24 vows written in Arabic script, washed down with holy water blessed by the village imam. "After you've drunk it you don't feel fear," says Ma-ae. "You can even withstand the pain of torture without confessing...
...slow to address the problem. That was the message last week from a Cairo conference organized by the Arab League and the U.N. Development Program, which drew together more than 300 leading religious figures from 20 Arab countries, and was jointly led by Sheikh Mohamed Sayed Tantawi, the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar Mosque - which is influential throughout the Sunni Muslim world - and Pope Shenouda III, head of the Coptic Orthodox Church and President of the Middle East Council of Churches...