Word: immunologist
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...unprecedented procedure was performed by two prominent physicians in Lyons: Dr. Jean-Louis Touraine, an immunologist at Edouard-Herriot Hospital, and Dr. Daniel Raudrant, an obstetrician at Hotel Dieu Hospital. The doctors wanted to treat David while he was still in his mother's womb because they thought if the procedure was done early, it would have better odds of succeeding. They took 7 cc of liquid, containing about 16 million immune cells from the liver and thymus of two aborted fetuses, and injected the material into David's umbilical cord. After he was born, David received an injection...
...highest risk group for the flu, and traditionally last on the list of those immunized, are older people living in close quarters in big-city nursing homes, said Paul StehrGreen, an immunologist with the CDC in Atlanta...
...Baruj Benacerraf, president of Boston's Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The immune system is compared favorably with the most complex organ of them all, the brain. "The immune system has a phenomenal ability for dealing with information, for learning and memory, for creating and storing and using information," explains Immunologist William Paul of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Declares Dr. Stephen Sherwin, director of clinical research at Genentech: "It's an incredible system. It recognizes molecules that have never been in the body before. It can differentiate between what belongs there and what doesn...
...that the pace of discovery began to quicken, boosted by such achievements as the deciphering of the genetic code and recombinant DNA technology. But no early advances can match those of recent years, which have enabled doctors to devise ingenious new treatments for a host of disorders. Says Immunologist John Kappler, of the National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine in Denver: "The field is progressing so rapidly that the journals are out of date by the time they are published...
...these immune cells produce such diversity was elucidated during the mid- 1970s by Immunologist Susumu Tonegawa, now at M.I.T., who in 1987 was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievement. Tonegawa proved that the B-cell genes that dictate the production of antibodies occur in distinct segments. These pieces, like cards in the hands of a Las Vegas dealer, are constantly and speedily shuffled into different combinations. Coupled with mutations that occur as B cells divide into plasma cells, such genes, in theory at least, could account for as many as 10 million antibody variations. Other scientists have shown that...