Word: immunologists
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...knows the chemical features, or antigens, of an infectious agent, it can produce specific weapons, or antibodies, against it. With malaria, however, there are three faces to recognize. Each stage is marked by different antigens, and antibodies against one stage will not provide protection against another. Nussenzweig and her immunologist husband Victor decided to focus their efforts on a sporozoite vaccine. In 1967 she showed that it was possible to protect mice against malaria by injecting them with sporozoites that had been rendered harmless by irradiation. The same result was achieved in a small number of human subjects. But there...
While scientists may bicker over who was first to discover the virus, the important news is that a breakthrough has finally been made in understanding the deadly AIDS epidemic. What matters, says Immunologist Allan Goldstein of George Washington University, "is that we now know the face of the enemy...
...matter who gets the credit for the AIDS virus, there is no doubt that Gallo laid the groundwork for the discovery with his earlier research into cancer viruses. Says French Immunologist Daniel Zagurey of the University of Paris: "Without Gallo, there wouldn't have been any work on this at Pasteur. Their research is based on his initial discovery." Gallo's quest for the cause of cancer began in childhood. As a boy of 14, in Waterbury, Conn., he watched his younger sister die of leukemia. The memory is still vivid: "She was an emaciated, jaundiced child with...
Even so, for many scientists the evidence provides intriguing links. Anthony Fauci, an immunologist at the National Institutes of Health and long a believer in retroviruses as the cause of human AIDS, asserts, "If a disease which is at least similar has been isolated and transmitted by a retrovirus which is similar to the No. 1 suspected culprit in humans, that suggests we can do the same thing in humans...
David's doctor, Immunologist William Shearer, is hopeful that his famous patient is not suffering a graft-vs.-host reaction. Instead, he suspects that the symptoms are the positive signs of "an incipient immune system beginning to develop in a child who had none." Blood tests already suggest that his sister's cells are taking hold. Says Shearer: "We expect to know in a month." Now that he has been exposed to the outside world, David will never return to the bubble. For the present, he remains quarantined, but his family may visit his room wearing surgical garb...