Word: incas
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Experiences of a summer spent travelling through the interior of Peru, voyaging by cance and balsa wood rafts as far as the Amazon basin and visiting the ruins of old Inca villages sacked by Pizzaro, were related yesterday afternoon by Berrien Anderson, Jr. '42 and Manuel I. Prado '42, in the lecture room of the Institute of Geographical Exploration...
Subsequent to this stage of the expedition the party split up, Prado and one friend continuing down the Amazon to the east coast of South America, while Anderson travelled further in Peru exploring the remains of old Inca and pre-Inca villages. The fourth member of the party was incapacitated by a serious foot infection...
...series of slides Anderson showed an Inca community which had been overwhelmed and destroyed by the Spanish conquistador, Pizzaro, and in particular the fort called Sachesajuaman which resisted his onslaught bravely. When finally subjected by the cruel Pizzaro, the Inca captain of this fort's garrison leaped to his death from its 40 feet walls...
...Aztecs were very unlike the Incas of Peru. "The Andean peoples, to generalize broadly, concentrated on the material technique of supporting life," says Vaillant, "the Middle American peoples [i.e., Mayas and Aztecs] on spiritual, or more accurately, supernatural methods." Symbols of Inca culture were their vast aqueducts and irrigation systems. Symbols of Aztec culture were their mighty pyramidal temples...
...Inca Empire was a "benevolent, monolithic state, unique in American annals as the only governmental system which combined territorial expansion with the amalgamation of conquered peoples into a social whole." The Aztecs only seemed to form an Empire. They "lived in independent tribal or civic groups and created a religious art and architecture without rival in the Americas...