Word: incher
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Bigger optical telescopes will not be much better because of the turbulence of the earth's atmosphere. This deadlock may be broken by automatic telescopes carried by satellites far above all trace of air. Even if rather small, the telescopes will see much more clearly than the 200-incher. Perhaps they will settle the question of the "canals" on Mars. They will certainly observe in the heavens kinds of radiation (X-ray and ultraviolet) that cannot penetrate the atmosphere. This type of observation is important because many stars are known to radiate chiefly in these unobservable rays...
...observer. His first search was for supernovae, those incredible stars that burst like giant nuclear bombs and shine for a few weeks with the glare of 100 million suns. They happen in an average galaxy only once in about 300 years. But by patrolling distant galaxies with the 100-incher, Baade photographed many of them-and developed an explanation of their explosive physics...
...picture, taken by Minkowski with Palomar's giant 200-in. Hale telescope, was a dramatic symbol of a surge in astronomical science made possible by a far-sighted alliance between optical and radio telescopy. When Palomar's 200-incher was completed in 1948, no one expected it to photograph galaxies more than i billion light years away. A major reason: in such telescopes the field of view is very small, and to reach full range they must take long-exposure pictures of each tiny spot before moving on to the next. Thus, Palomar cannot range the heavens...