Word: indirectly
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...elections are merely a means of siphoning off local discontent before it percolates to the national level. But even so, it is proving insidious; already the principles of accountability have penetrated higher levels. In Mancheng county, the next level up from Tuonan township, posts are tightly contested even in indirect elections. Candidates for nomination are grilled by their peers who want to know what they have done to advance local prosperity. To get on the short list for selection by the village representatives, "we really make the candidates sweat," says Li Xiumin. The grass-roots representatives vote with their guts...
Volunteer work became a subtly enforced requirement. It became part of my yearly school schedule and my parents' yearly "work plan." An indirect but efficient way of enforcement was the requirement of patriotic work proof before the withdrawal of any official forms from a state institution. For example, when my parents wanted to sell our car, they needed an official contract that proves seven days of patriotic work...
Just how far afield the money goes is made starkly clear in Penn's latest indirect-cost proposal to the Department of Health and Human Services, which the government uses to determine how much money Penn can recoup from each federal grant to cover the overall cost of operating the university and which TIME acquired under the Freedom of Information Act. In a stack of paper as thick as a large-type Bible, Penn laid itself bare, disclosing everything from the $208,795 allocated to cover the cost of operating the university president's $1.4 million...
Because of competition, however, tuition reimbursement has become as much a necessity as tenure and summers off. Such programs will become costlier now that the Federal Government has decided to stop picking up the tab for the portion once classified as indirect costs. The money will have to come from somewhere--namely Penn's various sources of general revenue, including tuition...
When Britons started falling ill last year, some scientists concluded that that was just what happened. If cattle feed was indeed the indirect avenue of the recent infections, it could spell big trouble, since most Britons ate from a contaminated meat supply for at least 10 years. Just how many got bad beef is what the Nature paper tried to determine...