Word: industriesâ
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...goods out of the country. It will require that grain exporters get Government approval for all big sales to foreigners. Last week Ford intervened to halt the sale of $500 million of grain to the Soviet Union, even though the dealers?Manhattan's Continental Grain Co. and Memphis' Cook Industries???had already signed the contracts...
Stocks of companies with long records of rapid profit growth sell at relatively high ratios, for example, 35 for IBM and 50 for Xerox. P/E ratios are high in such glamour industries as photography, cosmetics and soft drinks. Conversely, shares of companies in cyclical industries???in which profits fluctuate widely?usually sell at a low multiple because buyers must put up with considerable uncertainty about the future. In the auto industry, Ford sells at a humble nine times earnings, and even mighty GM commands a P/E of only 11. Other industries in which ratios are low include steel and textiles...
...needed least in a society challenged by rapid changes. Cross-fertilization of ideas is essential, for example, yet Soviet industry and science are so cut off from each other that there is little interchange. Industries actually resist the inroads of scientists?with the exception of military and space industries???so that only 30% to 50% of all new techniques developed by scientists are actually put into timely use in Soviet factories. As a result, the Soviets are falling ever farther behind the West in the technologies most essential to future growth?computers, automation, petrochemicals and telecommunications. Nor are Western firms...
...been paid off at the expense of the consumer. The large unions in industries like trucking or construction have far more strength than the small, independent employers, who simply bow to wage demands, accept restrictive labor practices and pass on the increased costs to their customers. But many other industries???notably autos, steel and chemicals?run grave risks of losing markets when they kick prices up. Foreign automakers already build 15% of the cars that Americans buy. G.M.'s new Vega subcompact, which was designed to compete against the Volkswagen, had to be priced $211 higher than the Beetle. Other...
...here, the business executives think they're younger. They feel that all New York businesses are part of one big Establishment. And in a way, they are. In New York all different kinds of industries???Wall Street, Madison Avenue, all of it?are interlocking. They all depend on the big New York banks. Out here, the industries are mostly smaller, and they're independent of one another. It's less stifling...