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Other men attracted greater attention than Teng Hsiao-p'ing in this varied and violent year (see story page 40). After an uncertain apprenticeship that saw his popularity rating drop to 30% in the polls, President Jimmy Carter was able to recoup through his foreign policy victories. At his Camp David summit, Carter appeared for a while to have achieved a miracle for the Middle East?a peace treaty between Israel and Egypt. But at year's end the negotiations were frustratingly stalled. Poland's Karol Cardinal Wojtyla, the athletic, scholarly Archbishop of Cracow, became the first non-Italian Pope...
Nonetheless, China has felt the hunger to modernize before. Near the end of the Ch'ing dynasty in 1898, under the Emperor Kuang Hsu, the Chinese tried to imitate the Japanese Emperor Meiji's transformation of Japan, from feudalism in the last half of the 19th century. In the early days of Sun Yat-sen's Republican China, an effort to streamline the society with foreign help ended in a bitter failure that eventually turned China toward puritanical socialism. The Chinese, wrote Historian C.P. FitzGerald, "became disillusioned with the false gods of the West They turned restlessly to some other...
...part of "the Four Modernizations" that would "turn a poverty-stricken and backward country into a socialist one with the beginnings of prosperity in only 20 years or more." That report (and the Four Modernizations slogan) is widely believed to have been the work of Teng Hsiao-p'ing, the little bureaucratic survivor, tough as a walnut, who was Chou's protege...
Beginning with their arrest in October 1976, members of the radical Gang of Four, led by Mao's widow, Chiang Ch'ing, have been held responsible for everything from crop failures to the shortage of sidewalk cafes. Many of the accusations are justified. But in China now, when a foreigner mentions the Gang of Four, it often happens that the Chinese with whom he is talking will hold up five fingers and say, "Ah, yes, the Gang of Four." The small subversive joke reflects what most Chinese accept: that Mao not only permitted but encouraged the activities of his wife...
Henry Kissinger has no recollection of ever calling Teng Hsiao-p'ing "a nasty little man," the celebrated epithet with which the former Secretary of State is often credited. As Kissinger told TIME last week, "He struck me as extremely able and tough. He had great skill in handling the bureaucratic mechanisms. When I met him [in 1975], Teng had not concentrated very much on foreign policy, but he learned fast. He's a man of no mean consequence...