Word: ingot
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...family goes back to the 16th century, its modern mold was cast about 150 years ago by Alfred Krupp (great-grandfather of the modern-day Alfried) who, at 14, inherited a nearly bankrupt little ironworks in Essen. By 1851, he had produced the world's largest cast-steel ingot, as well as the first seamless railway wheels, and was soon building a fortune out of the Industrial Revolution and the U.S. railway boom...
Nevertheless, marketing patterns are bound to change as British producers gradually meet most of the domestic needs. Industry leaders are looking forward to shedding their dependence on foreign producers. The biggest potential loser: Norway, which now sells a third of its aluminum ingot exports in Britain, duty-free...
...CONTINUOUS CASTING. The idea is so obvious that Bessemer filed a patent on it 101 years ago, but complex production bugs stymied its use until recently. The ordinary method of casting is to pour the metal into ingot molds to harden, strip away the mold, reheat the ingot and roll it into semifinished shapes. Continuous casting eliminates these cumbersome steps. A ladle atop a tower pours white-hot steel into a 2-to-4-ft-deep oscillatfhg copper-lined mold. As the mold bottom is withdrawn, an unbroken billet of barely crusted steel creeps down through cooling water sprays...
...Gaulle might be permanently located in one money market, Paris for example, and accredited to different governments with the rank of "Permanent Ingot." Since the monetary system would depend on world confidence in his physical existence, he might be placed on a high throne above the squealing money-traders; and, if the amount of money in circulation depended on the General's evaluation of his role in history, there would be an ever-expanding supply of currency...
Stable Prices. These troubles have won Alcoa a reputation on Wall Street as a weak performer, but Harper insists that the company's fortunes should continue to brighten. Reason: aluminum demand is catching up with supply, and ingot prices have finally stabilized (at 24½? a lb.), even though the industry has two more producers and 35% more capacity than when its price troubles began. Aluminum is already a big item in everything from saucepans to Saturn rocket skins, but to advance Alcoa's recovery further Harper is pushing hard to get more aluminum into mass products-tops...