Word: inkatha
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Mandela's top priority might be negotiating peace among blacks. A unity conference held by the A.N.C.-allied Mass Democratic Movement in Johannesburg last week was most notable for its failure to include its two main rivals: < Inkatha, the Zulu-based organization led by Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, who heads a Pretoria-created homeland; and the Pan-Africanists, an A.N.C. splinter group that seeks to crush white "colonialists." Much of the tension stems from the A.N.C.'s insistence that it alone can negotiate on behalf of blacks...
...most notable absentees were Inkatha, a relatively conservative Zulu organization opposed to the ANC's militant tactics, and so-called Africanist groups, which oppose the ANC's philosophy of non-racism...
Cyril Ramaphosa, a leader of the Mass Democratic Movement, says Viljoen's proposal would cause the A.N.C. to "lose ground" if it were simply "one of many groups." Zulu Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, head of the 1.5 million-member Inkatha movement and an opponent of the A.N.C.'s socialist orientation, responds, "I shudder to think what would happen to South Africa if we all stood aside and allowed only one black party to negotiate the country's future." To try to hurdle this and other obstacles and preconditions, Viljoen suggests preliminary "talks about talks...
...deed." He suggested, without offering any proof, that "serious arguments" among antiapartheid organizations may have led to September's killing. Supporters of the nonracial A.N.C. have indeed been caught up in deadly battles with other political groups, including the blacks-only Azanian People's Organization and the Zulu-based Inkatha organization. Factional disputes also exist inside the A.N.C. French police, however, disclosed no evidence linking any group, of whatever political stripe, to September's murder...
...Michael Massing, in "Chief Buthelezi's Africa" New York Review of Books 34 (2), Feb. 12, 1987, pp. 15-22, cites sworn affidavits describing "death threats, firebombings, abductions, beatings, stabbings, and shootings" by Buthelezi's followers; members of his organization, Inkatha, "serve as shock troops in Inkatha's on-going war with...