Word: instituted
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Fontainebleau Schools of Music and Fine Arts hold instruction in English on music, painting, sculpture, architecture, interior design, costumes, and scenery designs in the Chateau of Fontainebleau, July through September. Schools in Paris offer numerous language courses for Americans. Different level language schools include the Alliance Francaise, the Institut de Phonetique, specializing in pronunciation, and the Ecole Superieure for French teachers of other countries. Most of the sessions begin in July...
When the Hands Harden. Odette is a member of the Institut Seculaire de Tra-vailleuses Missionnaires de Marie Immaculee, and there are 24 young women like her. After five years in apprenticeship and study, they don white robes and gold rings as "Brides of Jesus." They do not take vows but merely pledge themselves to poverty, chastity and obedience (vows are not possible until the Roman Catholic church recognizes the Institut as a religious order). Then they exchange their robes for ordinary clothes, and for the rest of their working lives, they live and labor among the poor...
Inspired by such groups as the Peasant Brothers and the Little Sisters and Little Brothers of Abbe Foucauld, Abbe Roussel got church permission in 1947 to found his Institut Seculaire de Travail leuses. Since then, he has lived in the buckle of Paris' red belt-the dingy factory suburb named for St. Denis, when only 2,000 of 25,000 people ever go to church. Here, in a tiny, fourth-floor walk up with a cold-water tap in the back court and one toilet to 16 families, he directs the work of his 25 missionar> women...
Once past the barrier, the life of an Immortal is less taxing. It consists largely in collecting an annual stipend of 60,000 francs ($171) and showing up every Thursday in the Académie chamber beneath the great dome of the Institut de France, there to pursue in quiet deliberation tasks ordained by Richelieu 320 years ago. Chief of these tasks is that of "keeping the French language elegant" by constant revision of an official dictionary. It is slow work. The Immortals, though their average age is 73, are in no hurry. The last revised edition of their dictionary...
...philosophy, literature and history majors appear as candidates for a handful of university teaching jobs; openings for scientists outnumber applicants. Complained a government official recently: "We need seven scientists for one philosopher, and we're being supplied with the contrary." A 27-year-old graduate of the topflight Institut d'Etudes Politiques went six months before finding his first job, finally got work as a bank clerk, eventually drifted into journalism, earns less than $200 monthly. "In America you can make money doing something you don't like," he complains. "Here you usually have to do something...