Word: instrumentalized
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...book Woodward portrays Casey as a wily and aggressive director who made the CIA his personal instrument of foreign policy. In early 1985 Woodward reports, Casey went "off the books" to enlist Saudi help in carrying out three covert operations. One was the attempted assassination of Sheik Fadlallah, who had been linked to the bombings of American facilities in Beirut. After that plot failed, Woodward writes, the Saudis offered Fadlallah a $2 million bribe to cease his terrorist attacks. He accepted, and the attacks stopped...
...poets and artists wanted to revolutionize both consciousness and society through the purposeful absurdities of the unconscious. To dislodge conventional habits of mind, they practiced unpremeditated methods of creation, "unguided" sketching and automatic writing. Moved by their example, Cartier-Bresson realized that his Leica was the most automatic art instrument of all, one that could make split-second images that owed much to chance and much less to calculation...
Psychometric tests abound. "This is a good little instrument for surfacing data," says an instructor as he hands out a 90-question "preference inventory." In his class on managerial effectiveness, William Zierdt offers individual analysis of the results, adding, "I also read tea leaves, or you can bring your own chicken." Thus a volunteer learns that he's a decision- making rationalist with no emotional content. "Hell, that's success in the business world," says Zierdt...
Phobos will glide between 98 and 260 ft. above the moon's surface -- "something similar to a cruise missile," quips Sagdeyev -- and drop an instrument-bearing minilander to record data on the moon's soil. One experiment involves a laser that will emit short bursts of energy, each vaporizing a square millimeter of surface into a cloud that can be analyzed by the probe's spectrometer. "You can pick up such exploded material from many different places," says Sagdeyev. "In the end you have a chemical map of the surface of Phobos -- if you are lucky...
Equal protection. A central instrument of court power has been the 14th & Amendment. Though drafted in the post-Civil War era chiefly to ensure just treatment for blacks, it extends its guarantees of due process and equal protection under the law to "any person," allowing the court to invoke it to cover women, aliens, illegitimate children and sometimes the poor. Bork defends the landmark Brown v. Board of Education school desegregation case on the ground that the intent of the 14th Amendment contains the "core" idea of protecting blacks from government discrimination. But he finds no similar intent to protect...