Word: instrumentalized
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Kremlin built during his years at Dzerzhinsky Square. Andropov has received more raw information about things at home and abroad than any of his predecessors. He has had access to the KGB's dossiers on his Politburo colleagues. If he has resorted to repression as an instrument of social reform at home, he has shown subtlety in exploiting divisions in the Western alliance to further Soviet interests abroad. Predicts London-based East European Expert Leopold Labedz: "Andropov will prove to be a dangerous combination of strategic ruthlessness and tactical flexibility...
...clear is that his rise to power has coincided with the gradual evolution of the Soviet Union as a modern police state in which the physical terror of the Stalin era has been largely replaced with subtler forms of control. The KGB has developed into an increasingly sophisticated instrument for advancing national interests around the world. As head of the KGB, Andropov had much to do with those changes. Now that he holds the top party job, he has given every indication that he wants to keep things that...
...Vladimir Kuzichkin, a former KGB agent in Iran who defected to the British last June, insists that Andropov has been and remains a loyal party man. As Kuzichkin told TIME: "In the West people talk about the KGB as if it were an independent body. It is an instrument in the hands of the Soviet Communist Party. Whatever the KGB does inside the country or overseas, it does on the order of the Central Committee." In its emblematic role as the party's sword and shield, the KGB is perhaps the ultimate guarantor of Communist rule. It is the contemporary...
...with Defense Minister Dmitri Ustinov, a crucial maneuver in his rise to the top. Says French Sovietologist Hélène Carrère d'Encausse: "Andropov came to the KGB with a double mission: first, to rebuild an efficient police apparatus, and second, to transform it into a modern, effective instrument of the party. He succeeded on both counts." What the security operation lost in brute force it more than made up in political power under Andropov. In 1973, he was granted full membership on the Politburo, the Central Committee's ruling inner circle...
Until now such observations have been made with extreme difficulty. Since water in the earth's atmosphere absorbs most infrared light, astronomers had to send up instrument-packed balloons and rockets, go aloft in specially equipped planes or perform infrared work in high-altitude observatories like the one atop Hawaii's 14,000-ft. Mauna Kea volcano. But thanks to some extremely innovative, indeed, out of this world, engineering, IRAS bypasses the obscuring atmosphere entirely...