Word: insulin
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...within the Common Market, and from British and U.S. firms outside it, Winnaker does not seem very worried about the future. Nearly half of Hoechst's sales come from products developed by the company's scientists within the past ten years (among them: Rastinon, the first oral insulin for diabetics; Segontin, a drug for circulatory disturbances; Trevira, a polyester fiber for garments). Winnaker intends to keep up the flow. Hoechst's new research facility is so designed that next to each two-man experimental laboratory is another lab in which a development team will work at finding...
...founded in 1872, Cambridge boasts one of the world's great centers of nuclear research. At Cavendish in 1919, Sir Ernest Rutherford first demonstrated nuclear reaction. Then Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron; others have gone on to everything from the kinetic theory of gases to isolating the insulin molecule and piercing space with radio astronomy. "When it comes to research," says one Cavendish man. "we knock Oxford...
...toadfish injected with an experimental anticancer drug, methyl GAG (for glyoxal-bis-gua-nylhydrazone). The researchers were trying to find out why the drug produces an undesirable side effect-lowered blood sugar. The toadfish is an ideal subject for such an experiment because it has simple kidney and insulin-producing mechanisms that permit researchers to observe sugar changes. To obtain blood samples, the researchers prick each toadfish's tail. To collect urine, they attach balloons to the excretory ducts of the toadfish, let them swim around for several days in a briny tank, take the urine-filled balloons...
...inside the patient's mind. When Istina, a schoolteacher, is committed to New Zealand's Cliffhaven hospital, medicine does what it can. But the nurses are exhausted by twelve-hour days, and there are only 1½ doctors for each thousand patients. Istina gets electric shock treatment, insulin is pumped into her veins, and she is shunted to foul-smelling dayrooms with the other "hopeless" ones-Esme, who crouches in a corner with her nightgown over her head; Bertha, who sings endlessly; and Mary-Margaret, who ends each day with a cheery broadcast to Egypt, signing off with...
Beginning with insulin for diabetes (1922), the benefits from an encounter with the doctor have grown at an ever faster pace. The microbe-killing sulfas came along in time to be dusted into the wounds of hundreds of thousands of servicemen in World War II-and were in turn pushed aside by antibiotics such as penicillin (1945) and tetracycline (1953). Tuberculosis and some forms of pneumonia were brought under control. Virus diseases have resisted cures, but medicine developed effective vaccines that drastically curbed more of them-notably influenza and poliomyelitis...