Word: insulin
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When the body refuses to make insulin, the condition is called type 1 diabetes; when the body mismanages the hormone, it's known as type 2. Now, scientists report new evidence linking insulin to a disorder of the brain: when the brain prevents the hormone from acting properly, the ensuing chemical imbalance may help trigger Alzheimer's disease. The correlation is so strong that some researchers are calling Alzheimer's disease "type 3" diabetes...
Sigal is currently studying the benefits of exercise in insulin-dependent patients with type 1 diabetes. Next year, he plans to launch another study on exercise and type 2 diabetes - to find a way to get "people into the gym and, perhaps more importantly, get them to continue doing it once they've started...
...condition are similar to those for diabetes outside of pregnancy: family history for diabetes, being overweight and older age. Race and ethnicity also increase risk; the condition is more common among most non-Caucasians. Treatment for gestational diabetes begins with diet and exercise; failing that, patients are given insulin...
...called osteoblasts continually build new bone, while osteoclasts destroy old bone. What the new research shows is that the bones also act as a kind of endocrine organ. They release a hormone called osteocalcin that not only acts locally to influence bone formation, but also increases the production of insulin in the pancreas, raises the body's sensitivity to insulin and reduces stores...
...three years, Karsenty's team conducted a series of experiments with eight strains of mice, including some genetically altered to lack osteocalcin and some engineered to overeat. He found that osteocalcin significantly impacts how the body handles glucose, its primary fuel, in three ways: by raising the number of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, by directly boosting the output of those cells, and by raising the body's sensitivity to insulin...